Senin, 16 April 2012

Mencari nilai integral(MATEMATIKA XII)

Substitusi

Contoh soal:
Cari nilai dari:\int \frac{ln x}{x}\,dx\,
t = \ln x, dt = \frac{dx}{x}
\int \frac{ln x}{x}\,dx\, = \int t\,dt
= \frac {1}{2} t^2 + C
= \frac {1}{2} ln^2x + C

Integrasi parsial

Integral parsial menggunakan rumus sebagai berikut:
\int f(x)g(x)\,dx = f'(x)g(x) -  f(x)g'(x)
Contoh soal:
Cari nilai dari: \int \ln x \,dx\,
f'(x) = 1, f(x) = x, g(x) = ln x, g'(x) = \frac{1}{x}\,
Gunakan rumus di atas
\int \ln x\ dx = x ln x - \int x\frac{1}{x}\,dx\,
= x ln x - \int  1\,dx\,
= x ln x - x + C\,

Substitusi trigonometri

Bentuk Gunakan
\sqrt{a^2-b^2x^2}\, x = \frac{a}{b}\sin \alpha\,
\sqrt{a^2+b^2x^2}\,  \!\, x = \frac{a}{b}\tan \alpha\,
\sqrt{b^2x^2-a^2}\, \, x = \frac{a}{b}\sec \alpha\,
Contoh soal:
Cari nilai dari: \int \frac{dx}{x^2\sqrt{x^2+4}}\,
x = 2 \tan A, dx = 2 \sec^2 A\,dA\,
\int \frac{dx}{x^2\sqrt{x^2+4}}\,
= \int \frac {2 sec^2 A\,dA}{(2 tan A)^2\sqrt{4 + (2 tan A)^2}}\,
= \int \frac {2 sec^2 A\,dA}{4 tan^2A\sqrt{4 + 4 tan^2A}}\,
= \int \frac {2 sec^2 A\,dA}{4 tan^2A\sqrt{4(1+tan^2A)}}\,
= \int \frac {2 sec^2 A\,dA}{4 tan^2A\sqrt{4 sec^2A}}\,
= \int \frac {2 sec^2 A\,dA}{4 tan^2A.2sec A}\,
= \int \frac {sec A\,dA}{4 tan^2A}\,
= \frac {1}{4}\int \frac {secA\,dA}{tan^2A}\,
= \frac {1}{4}\int \frac{cos A}{sin^2A}\,dA\,
Cari nilai dari: \int \frac{cos A}{sin^2A}\,dA\, dengan menggunakan substitusi
t = sin A, dt = cos A\,dA\,
\int \frac{cos A}{sin^2A}\,dA\,
= \int \frac{dt}{t^2}\,
= \int t^{-2}\,dt\,
= -t^{-1} + C= -\frac{1}{sin A} + C\,
Masukkan nilai tersebut:
= \frac {1}{4}\int \frac{cos A}{sin^2A}\,dA\,
= \frac {1}{4}.-\frac{1}{sin A} + C\,
= -\frac {1}{4 sin A} + C\,
Nilai sin A adalah \frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2+4}}
= -\frac {1}{4 sin A} + C\,
= -\frac {\sqrt{x^2+4}}{4x} + C\,

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